Net bed electro-thermal brooding technology
2020-11-04
The quality of the feeding and management of young geese directly affects the growth and survival rate of young geese, and then affects the growth and development of young geese and the production performance of geese [1]. Feeding management of young goose is the basis of the entire feeding management. The body temperature regulation ability, digestion and absorption ability and anti-stress ability of goslings are poor, so the focus of this period is to ensure the normal growth and development of goslings, so that they are healthy and have a high survival rate [2]. At present, ground floor raising, fire on kang and net bed brooding methods are widely used for brooding. There are common problems such as high humidity in the house, poor sanitary conditions, low temperature adjustment ability, large temperature difference, low survival rate, high labor intensity, and high coal consumption. It is not suitable for the needs of modern industrialization. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of a new type of brooding device and the improvement of
brooding technology.
The net-bed electric brooding technology is a new type of brooding technology that adopts the brooding device designed by the "net-bed electric brooding device" [3]. Through experiments and practice, based on the characteristics and advantages of the device, an improved new brooding technology. The use of net-bed electric brooding technology for goose production can effectively reduce the humidity and ammonia concentration in the goose house during brooding, and increase the survival rate of brooding. In addition, the use of renewable energy electric energy as the heating energy for brooding has high stability and controllability, which not only reduces energy input costs, reduces labor intensity of workers, but also reduces the use of coal in aquaculture production. Improve the air quality in the goose house, and play a good role in low-carbon environmental protection and ecological breeding.
1 Construction of electric heating equipment for net bed
1.1 Requirements for premises
Choose houses that are insulated and well-lit to reduce heat loss during gosling production. The house is kept clean and dry, with good air circulation and no "drafts". The ground should be flat and the slope should be 1% to 3%. Drainage ditch should be set in the middle or on both sides. Use cement floor or laying ceramic tiles to facilitate the cleaning of manure and sewage in the production process of goslings.
1.2 Equipment structure
1.2.1 Main frame
The angle iron is welded into a rectangular structure, and several steel reinforced columns are welded around the rectangle, and steel plate fences are welded on the reinforced columns. Thick steel columns are welded at the bottom of the rectangular structure, and angle iron or steel columns are welded between parallel steel columns to ensure the overall structure is strong and stable. A net-bed electric brooding bed is built on the reinforced column, and several wooden or angle iron columns are installed under it.
1.2.2 Mesh bed structure
The middle heating area provides a dry, comfortable and warm resting environment for the goslings. The slatted floor is laid all around, and on the basis of ensuring the load-bearing performance, the sewage and excrement of the goslings drinking water and feeding can fall directly, which is convenient for workers to clean the livestock house and prevents splashing sewage and excrement from polluting drinking water and feed.
The heating zone structure is composed of a support layer, a heat insulation layer, an electric heating layer, and a waterproof layer from bottom to top. Among them, a temperature control probe is installed between the waterproof layer and the electric heating plate layer, and the temperature control probe is connected to the temperature controller. As long as the temperature is set, the temperature control device can automatically adjust to make the temperature in the gosling production relatively stable.
The pallet layer is connected by wood boards or density boards, and fixed on the bottom reinforced column to support the upper structure. The thermal insulation layer adopts thermal insulation polystyrene board with a thickness of more than 2mm, a density of ≥20kg/m2, and a thermal conductivity of ≤0.05 W/m, on which a geothermal reflective film is laid [4], which effectively reduces heat energy loss. The electric heating layer adopts electric heating wire, electric heating film or directly using electric heating plate. The electric heating wire should be a professional heating cable of 8mm. Use the whole cable in the area without joints. The external power supply adopts a combination of interval series connection and partition independent connection to ensure efficient heating of the electric heating layer and safe electricity use. After checking that there is no short circuit problem in the cable, lay the waterproof layer. The waterproof layer is either directly laid with waterproof material or poured high-grade concrete.
2 Precautions for feeding and management
Goslings are very sensitive to temperature. High or low temperature is not good for the growth of goslings [5]. The temperature control device of the brooding device can automatically control the electric heating layer to maintain a constant temperature, which effectively reduces the labor intensity of the workers.
But it is also necessary to hang a thermometer at the height of the back of the goslings on the brooding bed to manually observe the temperature in the brooding house, and set the temperature of the thermostat at the right time. Because the structure of the brooding house of each goose farm is different, the heat preservation is different, and the external weather environment changes, it is necessary to manually adjust the temperature so that the temperature of the electric heating bed is not too hot, and the temperature in the house reaches the optimal temperature required for brooding. If the electric heating bed is overheated and the temperature in the house cannot reach the brooding temperature, the heat preservation of the goose house should be considered. In the late stage of gosling production, as the age of goslings continues to increase, more and more excrement will affect the heat dissipation of the electric heating layer, and attention should be paid to the cleaning of feces.
The net-bed electric brooding method is adopted to brood the chicks. When the goslings drink and eat, the sewage and feces will fall directly. In addition, nipple-type automatic drinking fountains can be installed around the net bed to use after training the goslings for one week. Effectively solve the problem of excessive humidity, which not only facilitates workers to clean the livestock house, but also prevents splashing sewage and feces from polluting drinking water and feed. However, it should also be noted that there is a problem of low humidity in the house in the early stage of gosling production, and it is necessary to use water spraying to maintain environmental humidity. In the late stage of gosling production, as the age of the goslings continues to increase, there will be more and more excrement, and the humidity in the house will gradually increase, and the number of cleanings in the house must be increased.
As the number of brooding batches increases, the waterproof layer will be worn to a certain degree after countless steps and washing and disinfection. Care should be taken to repair the damaged area to prevent the electric heating element from being damaged by water or leaking, causing serious economic losses. The temperature control system should be checked regularly to prevent the temperature control system from malfunctioning or temperature deviation. Since goslings have the habit of pecking and feeding, pay special attention to check whether the temperature control probe is damaged by the goslings, and clean the temperature control probe frequently. It is best to install a protective net around the temperature control probe, which can effectively prevent the probe from being pecked and prevent the probe from being contaminated.
3 Advantages of electric brooding in net bed
In the traditional method, the brooding temperature is provided by burning coal. The heat generated by coal combustion is affected by many factors, and the heating effect is extremely unstable. It is necessary for brooders to frequently observe the temperature in the house and perform corresponding treatments. Especially in the tired hours from night to dawn, the temperature in the house and the amount of coal in the furnace must be frequently observed. The labor intensity is very high, so night shift workers are often employed, which increases production costs. In addition, traditional coal-fired brooding, due to the fixed heating device, can only brood the whole house. In the case of few brooding, heat energy is wasted seriously and the labor intensity of workers cannot be reduced.
The net-bed electric brooding has the advantages of electric brooding. The air switch can control each electric heating plate separately, heating independently, and the heating method is flexible. The temperature control device automatically controls the temperature in the house. When the temperature in the house is higher than the set value, the temperature control device will automatically trip. Otherwise, it will automatically connect to the power supply for heating. Keep the temperature in the house constant, reduce the labor intensity of the breeders, and reduce the labor cost of brooding. The labor cost of brooding is shown in Table 1. The number of brooding workers is a goose farm in Heilongjiang Province in 2014, with a monthly salary of 1,500 yuan/month, which is the maximum affordability of an average worker.
Electricity is a kind of renewable energy. The use of electric energy as heating energy during brooding can not only reduce the production cost of goslings, but also avoid the smoke and dust generated by the use of coal for heating, which has the meaning of energy saving, emission reduction and sustainable development. In May 2014, at the Goose Breeding Base of the Heilongjiang Institute of Animal Husbandry, the pure-bred seed goose was used as a test animal to compare the energy consumption of the net bed electric brooding with the traditional coal-fired brooding method. The coal price is the actual purchase price in December 2013, and the electricity price is the agricultural electricity price in May 2014. The brooding time is 28 days, and under the same temperature adjustment, the ratio of electric heating to the net bed area is 3:2, and the brooding area is 25m2, and the cost of brooding can be saved by 2.8 yuan per square meter. See Table 2 for specific energy-saving conditions.
The feeding area is separated from the rest area, which can effectively control the humidity in the house and keep the rest area dry and clean. The goslings are not prone to wet hair and prevent the occurrence of pecking. Heat supply from bottom to top can avoid the side supply of heat for online brooding. The abdomen of goslings is easily exposed to cold air, which can cause poor absorption of the yolk of the goslings, stunted growth or death. The air flows from bottom to top to better promote the absorption of yolk and effectively increase the survival rate. In order to prove the brooding effect of net-bed electric brooding, in May 2014, in the goose breeding base of Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Animal Husbandry, a comparison experiment of net-bed electric brooding with traditional coal-fired brooding methods was carried out with purebred seed geese as experimental animals.
4 Conclusion
The use of net-bed electric brooding technology requires continuous improvement and improvement in production practice. It is hoped that it can provide help for the majority of goose farmers to improve the brooding effect.
