Introduction of laying hen house design and chicken raising equipment
2022-02-16
1.1 The most common form of open house is a windowed house with walls on all sides, large windows on the south wall, small windows on the north wall, and a sports field on the south. All or most of these chicken houses rely on natural ventilation and light, and the temperature and humidity in the house basically change with the seasons. Due to the limited natural ventilation and light, such chicken houses are often equipped with ventilation and light equipment in production management to supplement the lack of ventilation and light under natural conditions.
1.2 The closed chicken house is also called the windowless chicken house. The roof of this chicken house is well insulated from the four walls, and there are no windows on all sides, and the environment in the house is adjusted by manual or instrument control. Artificial ventilation and lighting are used in the chicken house, and the temperature, humidity and air composition in the house are controlled by changing the size of the ventilation volume. The foundation should be deep and firm. The ground should be higher than the house, moisture-proof, flat, easy to clean and disinfect. It has good thermal insulation performance and can defend against external wind and rain. Bricks or stones should be used for building, the outside of the wall should be plastered with mud, and the inside of the wall should be covered with cement or white ash to prevent moisture and facilitate scouring. In addition to the use of single-slope roofs for chick houses with small flat spans, double-slope roofs are generally used. The door is generally located on the south side of the south-facing chicken coop. The size of a single door is generally 2 meters high and 1 meter wide; two doors are 2 meters high and 1.6 meters wide. The windows of the open chicken coop should be set on the front and rear walls, the front window should be wide, and can be lower from the ground to facilitate lighting, and the ratio of the window to the ground area is 1:10~18. The rear window should be small, about 2/3 of the area of the front window, and can be higher from the ground to facilitate ventilation in summer. The closed chicken house has no windows, only emergency windows and ventilation inlet and outlet holes. The span of the coop depends on the form of the coop roof, the type of coop and the feeding method. The span of the open house is 6~10 meters, and the span of the closed house is 12~15 meters. The length of the house generally depends on the span of the house and the degree of mechanization of management. A chicken house with a span of 6 to 10 meters is generally 30 to 60 meters long; a chicken house with a span of 12 meters is generally 70 to 80 meters long. The chicken house with a higher degree of mechanization can be longer, but generally it should not exceed 100 meters, otherwise the production and installation of mechanical equipment will be difficult, and the materials will not be easy to solve. The height of the chicken house should be determined according to the feeding method, manure removal method, span and climatic conditions. In areas with a small span, the chicken coop does not need to be too high. Generally, the height of the eaves of the chicken coop is 2.0~2.5 meters; if the span is large, it is a multi-layer cage. l.0~1.5m is suitable; if it is a high-bed closed chicken house, the height is generally 4.5~5.0m due to the lower part of the house, which is 1.8~2.0m higher than the general chicken house. The operating room is where the breeder operates and stores tools. If the length of the chicken house does not exceed 40 meters, the operation room can be located at one end of the chicken house; if the length of the chicken house exceeds 40 meters, it should be located in the center of the chicken house. The location of the walkway depends on the span of the house. The span of the flat chicken coop is relatively small, and the aisle is generally set on one side of the coop, with a width of 1.0~1.2 meters; when the span is greater than 9 meters, the aisle is set in the middle, with a width of 1.5~1.8 meters, which is convenient for feeding with a trolley. No matter how large the span of the chicken coop is, it depends on the arrangement of the chicken cages. The walkway between the chicken cages is 0.8~1.0 meters. When the open chicken house is raised on the ground, there is generally a sports field. The playground is the same length as the house, and the width is about twice the span of the house.
2.1 Chicken cages Chick cages generally adopt 3-4 layers of overlapping cages. The total height of the cage is about 1.7 meters, and the height of the cage feet is 10-15 cm. The cage length of each single cage is 70-100 cm, the height of the cage is 30-40 cm, and the depth of the cage is 40-50 cm. The meshes are generally rectangular or square, the bottom mesh aperture is 1.251.25 cm, and the side mesh and top mesh apertures are 2.52.5 cm. The cage door is set in the front, and the adjustable range of the cage door gap is 2~3 cm. Each cage can accommodate about 30 chicks. The combined form of breeding chicken cages is mostly a three-layer overlapping type, with an overall width of 1.6-1.7 meters and a height of 1.7-1.8 meters. A single cage is 80 cm long, 40 cm high and 42 cm deep. The mesh at the bottom of the cage is 42 cm, and the rest of the mesh is 2.52.5 cm. The size of the cage door is 1415 cm, and each single cage can accommodate 7~15 chickens. The common combination forms of laying hen cages are stepped, semi-stepped and overlapping. Each single cage is 40 cm long, 45 cm deep, 45 cm high at the front, 38 cm high at the back, and the bottom slope of the cage is 6~8 degrees. The egg trough extending out of the cage is 12-16 cm. The cage door is opened in front, 21-24 cm wide and 40 cm high, with a gap of about 4.5 cm between the lower edge and the bottom net. The cage bottom mesh has an aperture spacing of 2.2 cm and a weft spacing of 6 cm. The aperture range of the top, side, and rear meshes varies greatly. Generally, the meshes have a warp spacing of 10-20 cm and a weft spacing of 2.5-3.0 cm. Each single cage can raise 3-4 chickens.
2.2 Feeding equipment includes feeding machinery and trough. The feeding system of large chicken farms is mechanized, and the feeding machinery is equipped with troughs. The chain feeder is the most commonly used feeder in my country's feeding machinery, and it can be used for both flat and cage feeding. It consists of a feed box, a chain ring, a driver, a corner wheel, a long trough, etc., and some are also equipped with a feed cleaner. The plug-type feeder is designed for dry chicken houses and is suitable for conveying dry powder full-price feed. Common troughs include long troughs and bucket-type round troughs. The depth of the trough drinker is 50~60 mm, the width of the upper mouth is 50 mm, and the length is generally 3~5 meters. There are V” and U” shaped sinks. The tower-shaped vacuum drinker is composed of a round bucket and a water tray, which can be made of galvanized iron sheet and plastic, etc. This drinker is suitable for flat rearing chicks. The nipple drinker is made of steel or stainless steel, and consists of a threaded steel (copper) pipe and a thimble switch valve, which can be directly installed on the water pipe, using gravity and capillary action to control the water drop, so that the end of the thimble often hangs 1 drop of water. When the chicken needs water, touch the thimble and the water will flow out. After drinking water, the thimble valve seals the waterway again and no longer flows out. Nipple drinkers are available for chicks and adult chickens. Each drinker can accommodate 10~20 chicks or 3~5 adult chickens, and can be used for flat and cage raising.
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