In summer with high temperature and humidity, the feed is prone to mildew during processing, storage, transportation, sales and use. Moldy feed not only reduces the nutritional value and palatability of the feed, but also damages the animal body and leads to immunosuppression. Causes a drop in egg production rate, poor egg quality and even death, which seriously affects layer production.
Therefore, moldy feed has become a pain in the hearts of farmers. They have invested a lot of money in demolition of feed and adopted various measures, but the effect is not satisfactory. So, whether moldy feed should be mold-proof or mold-free, and how to most effectively reduce the pollution of mycotoxins to feed is worthy of in-depth research in the industry.
1. Mold growth conditions
Molds are part of fungi, and some molds can produce mycotoxins in foods, which can cause harm to animals. The growth of mold is affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, moisture content, PH value, and ventilation conditions.
Most molds are moderate-temperature microorganisms, the optimum temperature for growth is 20-30℃, and the optimum temperature for reproduction and toxin production is 25-30℃. When the relative humidity of the air is lower than 75%, the growth of mold is inhibited and grows rapidly at 80%-100%. In the environment of high temperature and humidity, the growth and reproduction of mold is most vigorous. When the feed moisture exceeds 13-14%, it is conducive to the growth of mold; when the feed moisture is greater than 15%, the mold multiplies and grows. The optimum pH value for mold growth is 4.5-5.5, and the pH value can grow from 1.5-8.5. The pH value of 0-1.5 and 8.5-14 can inhibit the growth of mold.
2. Prevent mildew
To prevent feed mildew, the growth and reproduction of mold must be blocked.
1, Strictly control raw materials
As long as the conditions are right, the mold will grow and reproduce. Especially for corn, its embryo occupies 1/3 of the whole grain volume, and it has great respiration and strong hygroscopicity. The respiration intensity of corn is 8-11 times that of wheat, rice and other food crops. Therefore, under the same temperature and humidity conditions, corn is more prone to mildew than grains such as rice and wheat.
Mold is often produced during the growth stage of corn, so-called field mold. New corn has a high water content, and it is prone to mildew if it is not threshed and dried in time after harvest, especially in the weather with continuous high temperature and rain.
Therefore, it is necessary to prevent moldy raw materials from entering the factory (field). If possible, it is best to test each batch of raw materials to strictly control the moisture and moldy rate of the raw materials. Excessive moisture will not only cause mildew, but also increase crushing cost.
2, Strengthen transportation management
The feed is prone to mildew if it is rained or soaked during transportation. If exposed to the sun during transportation, the temperature of the feed will rise, causing the moisture inside the feed to evaporate. When the ambient temperature drops, a temperature difference will be formed between the environment and the feed, so that a layer of "soda" will form on the edge of the feed packaging bag. , Resulting in increased moisture in the edge of the feed packaging bag and mildew.
Therefore, during the transportation of feed, whether it is sunny or rainy, protection must be done to avoid rain or direct sunlight. At the same time, handle with care during transportation, so as not to scratch the packaging or damage the inner membrane to affect the feed quality.
3, Do a good job of storage
The warehouse where the raw material (feed) is placed should be spacious and well ventilated. It is best to isolate the ground with a wooden frame about 10 cm high. At the same time, the ground should be waterproofed or covered. It is best to control the indoor temperature at about 15°C and the humidity at 70% the following.
The raw materials (feed) are used according to the first-in-first-out principle, and the suitable storage period is determined according to the characteristics of the raw materials. It is best to prepare the raw materials on the same day and use them on the same day to ensure that the raw materials are fresh to prevent the storage period from being too long and moldy.
4, Pay attention to the quality and hygiene of the processing process
During the processing of compound feed, the temperature and moisture of the finished product should be strictly controlled, and the temperature of the pellets from the machine should not be higher than room temperature 3℃~5℃. In the high-humidity season, the feed water content should be controlled below 12.5%. When the water content exceeds 13%, the risk of feed mildew will increase.
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